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10.
Jeffrey Reitz.
Immigrant Skill Utilization in the Canadian Labour Market: Implications
of Human Capital Research.
"The Canadian economy is losing up to $2.4 billion because immigrants'
skills are underutilized and up to $12.6 billion because they are
underpaid." October, 2001.
http://www.utoronto.ca/ethnicstudies/Reitz_Skill.pdf
21.
Mario Vargas Llosa.
The Immigrants.
"Immigration regardless of color is a shot of life, energy,
and culture. It should be considered a blessing by receiving countries.
1996."
http://www.caretas.com.pe/1470/mvll/mvll.htm
TEXT IN SPANISH
24.
Statistics Canada.
Will they ever converge? Earnings of immigrant and Canadian-born workers
over the last two decades.
"While earnings of recent male immigrants have fallen over the
last two decades, those of Canadian-born workers have risen. As a result,
the gap between the pay rates of recent immigrant men and those of their
Canadian-born counterparts has widened substantially." October, 2003.
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11F0019MIE/11F0019MIE2003215.pdf
31.
Garnett Picot.
The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes.
This paper reviews the increase in the earnings gap between immigrants
and Canadian-born over the past two decades. The rise in low-income
rates among immigrants was widespread, affecting immigrants in all
education groups, age groups, and from most source countries (except the
“traditional source regions”). July, 2004.
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11F0019MIE/11F0019MIE2004222.pdf
35.
Eduardo Galeano.
Workers' Rights. A subject for archeologists?
Fear to unemployment, which is used by employers to reduce labour costs
and to increase productivity, is the most universal source of anxiety
nowadays. 2003.
http://www.patriagrande.net/uruguay/eduardo.galeano/escritos/un.tema.para.arqueologos.htm
TEXT IN SPANISH
39.
Canadian Labour & Business Centre
Labour Market Integration: Issues And Challenges For New Immigrants
The More Education, The Deeper The “Penalty.”
http://www.clbc.ca/files/Reports/IHB_section_c.pdf
40. Cheryl Teelucksingh and Grace –
Edward Galabuzi.
Impact of Race and Immigrants Status on Employment Opportunities and
Outcomes in the Canadian Labour Market
Race continues to be a major factor in the distribution of opportunities
in the Canadian labour market and by extension in determining the life
chances of racialized peoples and immigrants in Canada. November, 2005.
http://ceris.metropolis.net/PolicyMatter/2005/PolicyMatters22.pdf
41. ILO.
Merchants of labor: Agents of the evolving migration infrastructure
Private agents have come to dominate recruitment and deployment in many
labour-sending nations, raising concerns that range from the equity of
lower-wage migrants often paying the highest fees to the fact that
private agents may have interests that are different from those of
employer, migrants and governments. International Institute for Labour
Studies. 2005.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/download/merchants.pdf
43. Statistics Canada.
The Dynamics of Overqualification: Canada’s Underemployed University
Graduates
More than one-half (52%) of recent immigrants with a university degree
worked in a job requiring only high school education at some point
during the six-year period. This was almost twice the proportion of 28%
among their Canadian-born counterparts. April, 2006.
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11-621-MIE/11-621-MIE2006039.pdf
44. Alberta Federation of Labour.
The Boom, Union Busting, and Temporary Foreign Workers
Plans to Import Workers a "Lose-Lose Proposition."
"In reality, the attempt by employers to import workers is an attempt
to drive down wages and bust unions."
http://www.afl.org/campaigns-issues/tempworker/backgrnd.cfm
45. BCGEU
B.C. health company that fired care givers to cut wages now trying to
exploit foreign workers. August 31, 2006.
http://www.bcgeu.ca/3655
47. Statistics Canada
Chronic Low Income and Low-income Dynamics Among Recent Immigrants
Changes in entering immigrant characteristics altered the face of the
immigrant chronically poor in that more had higher levels of education and
were in the skilled economic class. For example, in the 2000 cohort, 52%
of those in chronic low income were skilled economic immigrants, and 41%
had university degrees. 2007.
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11F0019MIE/11F0019MIE2007294.pdf
48. Canadian Labour Congress
Manufacturing Jobs in Crisis: Canada’s
economy sheds over 50,000 good jobs since January.
Canada is still bleeding jobs; over a quarter of a million jobs have
been lost in the manufacturing sector in less than 5 years. May, 2007.
http://canadianlabour.ca/updir/05-11-LFS-Eng.pdf
49. Erik R Girard; Herald Bauder
Assimilation and Exclusion of Foreign Trained Engineers in Canada:
Inside a Professional Regulatory Organization
Professional labour markets in Ontario, Canada, are culturally
regulated to the disadvantage of foreign-born and foreign-trained
immigrant practitioners. February, 2007.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2007.00505.x
50. Statistics Canada.
The Canadian Immigrant Labour Market in 2006: First Results from
Canada’s Labour Force Survey
Immigrants who had landed since 2001 (or very recent immigrants, those
who landed in Canada 5 or less years prior to 2006) had the most
difficulty in the labour market in 2006, followed by those who landed
between 1996 and 2001.
http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/71-606-XIE/71-606-XIE2007001.pdf
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